Journal
ANIMAL CELLS AND SYSTEMS
Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 237-242Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2013.828653
Keywords
Panax ginseng; ginsenoside; antinociception; pain behaviors; pro-inflammatory cytokines
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Funding
- Priority Research Centers through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [NRF-2009-0094071]
- Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [2010-0009147]
- Ministry of Education, Science and Technology
- National Research Foundation of Korea [2010-0009147] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Proinflammatory cytokines have been implicated in the production of neuropathic pain. We have previously reported that several ginsenosides produce antinoception. Especially, we have previously demonstrated that ginsenosides administered supraspinally reduce pain behaviors induced by proinflmmatory cytokines administered spinally. However, spinal action of ginsenosides in the regulation of proinflammtory cytokine-induced pain behavior has not been characterized yet. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ginsenosides following intrathecal treatment on pain behaviors induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interferon- (IFN-) injected intrathecally. The ginsenosides such as R-b1, R-b2, R-c, R-f, R-g1, and R-g3 pretreated intrathecally reduced the pain behavior induced by TNF-, IL-1, and IFN- injection. However, ginsenoside R-d and R-e treated intrathecally did not affect the pain behavior induced by proinflammatory cytokines injected spinally. Our findings suggest that some ginsenosides may exert the antinociceptive effects in pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced pain model, when they are administered spinally.
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