Nucleoplasmic LAP2α-lamin A complexes are required to maintain a proliferative state in human fibroblasts

In human diploid fibroblasts (HDFs), expression of lamina-associated polypeptide 2 alpha (LAP2 alpha) upon entry and exit from G(o) is tightly correlated with phosphorylation and subnuclear localization of retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Phosphoisoforms of Rb and LAP2 alpha are down-regulated in G(o). Although RbS780 phosphoform and LAP2 alpha are up-regulated upon reentry into G(1) and colocalize in the nucleoplasm, RbS795 migrates between nucleoplasmic and speckle compartments. In HDFs, which are null for lamins A/C, LAP2 alpha is mislocalized within nuclear aggregates, and this is correlated with cell cycle arrest and accumulation of Rb within speckles. Nuclear retention of nucleoplasmic Rb during G(1) phase but not of speckle-associated Rb depends on lamin A/C. siRNA knock down of LAP2 alpha or lamin A/C in HDFs leads to accumulation of Rb in speckles and G(1) arrest, probably because of activation of a cell cycle checkpoint. Our results suggest that LAP2 alpha and lamin A/C are involved in controlling Rb localization and phosphorylation, and a lack or mislocalization of either protein leads to cell cycle arrest in HDFs.