Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
Volume 98, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.031601
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We show that in the microscopic domain of QCD (also known as the epsilon domain) at nonzero chemical potential the average phase factor of the fermion determinant is nonzero for mu < m(pi)/2 and is exponentially suppressed for larger values of the chemical potential. This follows from the chiral Lagrangian that describes the low-energy limit of the expectation value of the phase factor. Explicit expressions for the average phase factor are derived using a random matrix formulation of the zero momentum limit of this chiral Lagrangian.
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