Journal
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
Volume 81, Issue 2, Pages 383-392Publisher
FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0706426
Keywords
adrenocorticotropic hormone; alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone; melanocortin receptors; melanocortin peptides; nuclear factor-kappa B; neuroimmunomodulation; pro-opiomelanocortin
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The melanocortin system is composed of the melanocortin peptides, adrenocorticotropic hormone and alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, the melanocortin receptors (MCRs), and the endogenous antagonists agonti- and agonti-related protein. Melanocortin peptides exert multiple effects upon the host, including anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Leukocytes are a source of melanocortins and a major target for these peptides. Because of reduced translocation of the nuclear factor NF-kappa B to the nucleus, MCR activation by their ligands causes a collective reduction of the most important molecules involved in the inflammatory process. This review examines how melanocortin peptides and their receptors participate in leukocyte biology.
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