Journal
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 4, Pages 1516-1530Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.01550-06
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Funding
- NIAMS NIH HHS [R01 AR051187, R01 AR 051187] Funding Source: Medline
- NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG 013918, P01 AG013918] Funding Source: Medline
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Estrogens control gene transcription by cis or trans interactions of the estrogen receptor (ER) with target DNA or via the activation of cytoplasmic kinases. We report that selective activation of kinase-mediated actions of the ER with 4-estren-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (estren) or an estradiol-dendrimer conjugate, each a synthetic compound that stimulates kinase-mediated ER actions 1,000 to 10,000 times more potently than direct DNA interactions, induced osteoblastic differentiation in established cell lines of uncommitted osteoblast precursors and primary cultures of osteoblast progenitors by stimulating Wnt and BMP-2 signaling in a kinase-dependent manner. In sharp contrast, 17 beta-estradiol (E-2) suppressed BMP-2-induced osteoblast progenitor commitment and differentiation. Consistent with the in vitro findings, estren, but not E-2, stimulated Wnt/beta-catenin-mediated transcription in T-cell factor-lacZ transgenic mice. Moreover, E-2 stimulated BMP signaling in mice in which ER alpha lacks DNA binding activity and classical estrogen response element-mediated transcription (ER alpha(NERKI/-)) but not in wild-type controls. This evidence reveals for the first time the existence of a large signalosome in which inputs from the ER, kinases, bone morphogenetic proteins, and Wnt signaling converge to induce differentiation of osteoblast precursors. ER can either induce it or repress it, depending on whether the activating ligand (and presumably the resulting conformation of the receptor protein) precludes or accommodates ERE-mediated transcription.
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