Single member actuation of kagome lattice structures

The two-dimensional kagome lattice has been shown to be a promising basis for active shape-changing structures, having both low actuation resistance and high passive stiffness. Activation of some members results in a global macroscopic shape change. Small deformation models show that the kagome lattice's properties are critically dependent on its initial geometry. This paper investigates the fundamental actuation properties of a kagome lattice subject to single-member actuation, particularly when geometric nonlinearity is introduced with large actuation strains. Actuation resistance is found to be lowered with expansive actuation; a limiting peak actuation stiffness is observed when the actuator is flexible. Conversely, actuation resistance is found to increase with contractile actuation.