Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 53, Issue 13, Pages 3510-3513Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201310729
Keywords
evolution; iron; motility; natural products; siderophores
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Funding
- Leopoldina Research Fellowship of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina [LPDS 2009-45]
- NIH [GM086258]
- NERCE-BEID [5U54 AI057159]
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Some bacteria swarm under some circumstances; they move rapidly and collectively over a surface. In an effort to understand the molecular signals controlling swarming, we isolated two bacterial strains from the same red seaweed, Vibrio alginolyticus B522, a vigorous swarmer, and Shewanella algae B516, which inhibits V.alginolyticus swarming in its vicinity. Plate assays combined with NMR, MS, and X-ray diffraction analyses identified a small molecule, which was named avaroferrin, as a potent swarming inhibitor. Avaroferrin, a previously unreported cyclic dihydroxamate siderophore, is a chimera of two well-known siderophores: putrebactin and bisucaberin. The sequenced genome of S.algae revealed avaroferrin's biosynthetic gene cluster to be a mashup of putrebactin and bisucaberin biosynthetic genes. Avaroferrin blocks swarming through its ability to bind iron in a form that cannot be pirated by V.alginolyticus, thereby securing this essential resource for its producer.
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