Journal
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
Volume 21, Issue 2, Pages 185-194Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2006.06.007
Keywords
stress; immunity; psychoneurommumology; breast cancer; lymphocytes; T cell blastogenesis; natural killer cell cytotoxicity; latent growth curve analysis; individual differences
Categories
Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA092704-06, K05 CA098133-05, R01 CA92704, P30 CA016058-339029, P30 CA016058-309029, K05 CA098133, R01 CA092704, P30 CA16058, K05 CA098133-04, P30 CA016058, P30 CA016058-329029] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000034, M01-RR0034, M01 RR000034-476248, M01 RR000034-450650, M01 RR000034-476242] Funding Source: Medline
- NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH051487-05, R01 MH51487, R01 MH051487-04, R01 MH051487] Funding Source: Medline
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Research connects stressful events with altered immune regulation, but the role of subjective stress is uncertain. Using a longitudinal design, we provide a statistically powerful test of the relationship between subjective stress (perceived stress, emotional distress) and immunity (T cell blastogenesis, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, [NKCC]) as individuals adjust to a severe stressor, a cancer diagnosis and its treatments. Women with regional breast cancer (N = 113) were assessed at diagnosis/surgery and reassessed 4, 8, 12, and 18 months later. Latent growth curve analysis tested two hypotheses: (1) initial levels of subjective stress will correlate inversely with initial levels of immunity, and (2) rate of change in subjective stress will correlate inversely with rate of change in immunity. As predicted by Hypothesis 1, participants with high initial subjective stress showed poor initial blastogenesis. As predicted by Hypothesis 2, participants exhibiting an early, rapid decline in subjective stress also showed rapid improvement in NKCC. Follow-up analyses revealed perceived stress to be strongly related to immune function, while emotional distress was not. This is the first study to investigate trajectories in stress and immunity during recovery from a major stressor. Results imply that NK and T cells are sensitive to different aspects of the stress response. While T cell blastogenesis correlated with initial (peak) subjective stress, NKCC correlated with change (improvement) in subjective stress. These data highlight the importance of subjective stress, particularly stress appraisals, in the immune response to a major stressor. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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