Journal
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
Volume 81, Issue 4, Pages 2039-2046Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02167-06
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI041576, R01 AI071213, R21 AI065895, R21 AI65895, AI41576] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [DK45260, R01 DK045260] Funding Source: Medline
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Long-term antigen expression is believed to play an important role in modulation of T-cell responses to chronic virus infections. However, recent studies suggest that immune responses may occur late after apparently acute infections. We have now analyzed the CD8 T-cell response to vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which is thought to cause to an infection characterized by rapid virus clearance by innate and adaptive immune system components. Unexpectedly, virus-encoded antigen was detectable more than 6 weeks after intranasal VSV infection in both draining and nondraining lymph nodes by adoptively transferred CD8 T cells. Infection with Listeria monocytogenes expressing the same antigen did not result in prolonged antigen presentation. Weeks after VSV infection, discrete T-cell clustering with dendritic cells within the lymph node was observed after transfer of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. Moreover, memory CD8 T cells as defined by phenotype and function were generated from naive CD8 T cells entering the response late after infection. These findings suggested that protracted antigen presentation after an apparently acute virus infection may contribute to an ongoing antiviral immune response.
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