A new technique for controllably producing branched or encapsulating nanostructures in a vapor-liquid-solid process

Branched or encapsulating nanostructures with controlled architectures are produced using flow fluctuation in vapor-liquid-solid process. The flow fluctuation induces catalyst or division (see figure). The technique is illustrated by the synthesis of iron-encapsulating carbon nanotubes with controlled encapsulating position, allowing modulation of the magnetic properties.