Journal
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
Volume 22, Issue 7, Pages 1396-1402Publisher
ELSEVIER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2006.06.019
Keywords
mercury; arsenic; pollution; recombinant bioreporter bacteria; bioluminescence; fibre-optic biosensor
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Fibre-optic biosensors for Hg and As were developed by attaching alginate-immobilised recombinant luminescent Hg- and As-sensor bacteria onto optical fibres. The optimised biosensors (consisting of seven layers of fibre-attached bacteria pre-grown till mid-logarithmic growth phase) enabled quantification of environmentally relevant concentrations of the target analytes: 2.6 mu g l(-1) of Hg(II) and 141 mu g l(-1) of As(V) or 18 mu g l(-1) of As(III). The highest viability and sensitivity for target analyte was obtained when fibre tips were stored in CaCl2 solution at -80 degrees C. Applicability of the fibre-optic biosensors in parallel to the respective non-immobilised sensors was assessed on 10 natural soil and sediment samples from Aznalcollar mining area (Spain). On the average 0.2% of the total Hg and 0.87% of the total As proved bioavailable to fibre-attached bacteria. Interestingly, about 20-fold more Hg and 4-fold more As was available to non-immobilised sensor bacteria indicating the importance of direct cell contact (possible only for non-immobilised cells) for enhanced bioavailability of these metals in solid samples. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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