The constitutive relation and small scale parameter of nonlocal continuum mechanics for modelling carbon nanotubes

In this paper, the constitutive relations of nonlocal elasticity theory are presented for application in the analysis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) when modelled as Euler-Bernoulli beams, Timoshenko beams or as cylindrical shells. In particular, the shear stress and strain relation for the nonlocal Timoshenko beam theory is discussed in great detail due to a misconception by some researchers that the nonlocal effect should appear in this constitutive relation. Different theories for proposing the value of the small scale parameter are also introduced and a recommendation for the value from the standpoint of wave propagation of CNTs is given.