Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 52, Issue 44, Pages 11470-11487Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301837
Keywords
alkali metals; heterometallic compounds; molecular structure; secondary amide; solution state
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Most synthetic chemists will have at some point utilized a sterically demanding secondary amide (R2N-). The three most important examples, lithium 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazide (LiHMDS), lithium diisopropylamide (LiDA), and lithium 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidide (LiTMP)the utility amideshave long been indispensible particularly for lithiation (Li-H exchange) reactions. Like organolithium compounds, they exhibit aggregation phenomena and strong Lewis acidity, and thus appear in distinct forms depending on the solvents employed. The structural chemistry of these compounds as well as their sodium and potassium congeners are described in the absence or in the presence of the most synthetically significant donor solvents tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) or closely related solvents. Examples of hetero-alkali-metal amides, an increasingly important composition because of the recent escalation of interest in mixed-metal synergic effects, are also included.
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