Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A
Volume 80A, Issue 3, Pages 621-634Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.30944
Keywords
AFM (atomic force microscopy); electrochemistry; hydroxyapatite coating; titanium; Ti-6A1-4V; crystal growth
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Recently, interest in electrochemical formation of hydrox.Yapatite has evolved. In this work, highly crystalline hydroxyapatite is electrodeposited on pure titanium and Ti-6A1-4V alloy. In situ and ex situ imaging, coupled with potentiostatic and potentiodynamic measurements, is conducted by means of electrochemical atomic force microscopy. This allows for a study of the nucleation and growth of hydroxyapatite as well as of its near-atomic structure. Electrodeposition of hydroxyapatite is shown to result from precipitation in solution, following two stages: (1) instantaneous nucleation, two-dimensional growth; (2) progressive nucleation, three-dimensional growth. Although some nucleation occurs already at -842 mV, poientials that are more negative than -1.26 V versus SCE are required for enhanced growth. Mass transport is found to have only secondary effect on the deposition process. The conclusions of this work have implications in optimization of coating's on implants as well as in enhancement of the understanding of bone mineralization in vivo. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals. Inc.
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