Journal
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
Volume 14, Issue 3, Pages 368-374Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2006.07.007
Keywords
phase-transfer catalysis; 1-ethoxy-4-chloronitrobenzene; ultrasound acceleration; sonochemistry; 4-nitrophenetole; kinetic study
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Ethoxy-4-nitrobenzene was synthesized by the reaction of 4-chloronitrobenzene with potassium ethoxide in a homogeneous system using benzyltriethylammonium chloride (QCl) as a phase-transfer catalyst at 50 degrees C under ultrasound irradiation conditions. The use of phase-transfer catalysts and ultrasound has been compared and demonstrated in this nucleophilic substitution reactions. The kinetics of the reaction depends on the effect of amount of catalyst, quaternary ammonium salts, agitation speed, amount of potassium hydroxide amount of ethanol, temperature and the frequency of the ultrasound waves on the conversion of the reaction. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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