Field study of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer durability in concrete

The Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code (CHBDC) does not permit the use of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) for primary reinforcement or prestressing tendons in concrete components. The restriction on the use of GFRP in concrete was based on published laboratory studies indicating that GFRP is not stable in the alkaline environment of concrete. In 2004, ISIS Canada sponsored an extensive study of the durability of GFRP in concrete by removing cores from GFRP-reinforced concrete components of five 5- to 8-year-old structures from across Canada. Three teams working independently at several Canadian universities used a variety of analytical methods to (i) investigate whether the GFRP in concrete field structures had been attacked by alkalis and (ii) compare the composition of GFRP removed from in-service structures with the composition of control specimens that were saved from the projects and not exposed to the concrete environment. The analytical results have confirmed that the GFRP in concrete did not suffer any damage during the 5-8 years of exposure. As a result of this study, the CHBDC in its forthcoming (second) edition has permitted the use of GFRP for both primary reinforcement and prestressing tendons in concrete components, provided the maximum stress level in GFRP at the serviceability limit state is kept at or below 25% of its ultimate strength. It was also found that, contrary to some claims, concrete over GFRP bars does not crack even if the depth of cover is as thin as 28 mm.