Journal
RENEWABLE ENERGY
Volume 32, Issue 3, Pages 442-458Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2006.01.010
Keywords
renewable energy; resource requirement; diffusion; public support
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Large-scale global use of new renewable energy sources (RES) necessitates massive physical resources. Present study shows that more than 99.5% of the materials needed in new RES systems are basic construction materials and metals abundantly available. Special elements may constitute future bottle-necks in some PV technologies. The extra financial resources needed over traditional energy to achieve a breakthrough in PV and wind power range from 100 to 500 billion $ for a period of 20-30 years influenced by technology progress and speed of penetration, but in solar heating much less. This upfront support could be paid back within 15-25 years later through cheaper and cleaner energy. Compared to nuclear power the resource numbers estimated are of the same order of magnitude. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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