Journal
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
Volume 374, Issue 1, Pages 51-59Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.11.042
Keywords
air pollution; biomonitoring; children; 1-hydroxypyrene; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; PAH; woodsmoke
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Particulate air pollution is significantly elevated during the winter in Christchurch, New Zealand, largely attributable to use of wood bumers for domestic home heating, topography, and meteorological conditions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a key component of airborne particulate matter (PM) and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has previously been used to assess exposure of people to PAHs. We examined urinary 1-OHP in Christchurch male non-smoking schoolchildren (12-18 yr) on two occasions after high pollution events (48 and 72 mu g PM10/m(3) 24-h average) and two occasions during periods of low pollution (19 and 12 mu g PM10/m(3)). Concentrations of urinary I-OHP were significantly elevated in the students during high pollution events (median (mean +/- SD) 0.043 (0.051 +/- 0.032) and 0.042 (0.060 +/- 0.092) mu mol OHP/mol creatinine respectively) compared with low pollution periods (median (mean +/- SD) 0.019 (0.026 +/- 0.032) and 0.025 (0.028 +/- 0.018) mu mol/mol creatinine respectively). The observed 1-OHP concentrations are at the lower end of those determined in children and non-occupationally exposed adults in international studies and suggest a generally low exposure to PAHs. The increased urinary I-OHP concentrations following nights of elevated particulate concentrations in ambient air suggest increased exposure to ambient air pollution during winter time, and could potentially be used as a biomarker of exposure in this population. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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