The effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on active avoidance learning, antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation during aging

The effect of SO2 was examined on active avoidance learning, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the activities of Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in young (3 months), middle-age (12 months), and old (24 months) Swiss male albino rats. Ten ppm SO2 Was administered to the animals of SO2 groups in an exposure chamber for 1 h/day x 7 days/week x 6 weeks while control groups were exposed to filtered air in the same condition. The most prominent effect of aging on active performance was also observed in the older group. SO2 exposure significantly decreased the active avoidance learning in the young group, but it had no effect on this parameter in the middle-aged and the older group compared with their corresponding control groups. SO2 exposure resulted in increased levels of Cu, Zn-SOD activity while decreased level of GSH-Px activity in all experimental groups compared with their corresponding control groups. CAT activities were unaltered. TBARS levels of all SO2 exposed groups were significantly increased compared with their respective control groups. In conclusion, results from the present research showed that SO2 exposure resulted in an increase in the lipid peroxidation and caused alterations in antioxidant enzyme activities. Additionally, SO2 exposure impaired cognitive function only in the young rats during the acquisition phase of active avoidance learning. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.