Journal
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
Volume 122, Issue 2, Pages 403-409Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA
DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2006.06.007
Keywords
microbial sensor; copper ions; heavy metal ions; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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A whole cell-based amperometric sensing system for Cu2+ has been developed based on recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains and Flow Injection Analysis. Yeast strains were transformed with the same plasmid containing the Cu2+ inducible promoter of the CUP1 gene from S. cerevisiae fused to the lacZ gene from E. coli. These strains exhibited different sensitivities to Cu2+ and the induction of the CUP1 promoter occurred at different concentrations of Cu2+. The two transgenic yeast sensor systems that were selected for trials with real effluents, measured Cu2+ concentrations between 1.6 and 6.4 mg l(-1), and 0.05 and 0.35 mg l(-1). The biosensor can measure ca. 50 samples and has a storage stability of 2 months (dry) or 2 weeks (in 0.1 M phosphate buffer) at 4 degrees C. It uses an indirect amperometric measurement system which allows the detection of Cu2+ in samples that also contain rapidly biodegradable substances. Preliminary application of both sensors in electroplating industry effluents has demonstrated their effectiveness. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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