Journal
CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 246, Issue 2, Pages 92-102Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2007.06.005
Keywords
vaccinia virus; dendritic cell; MHC class II; gene regulation; Cytokines; type I interferon; innate immunity
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI056097-010002, P01 AI056097-02, P01 AI056097-01, AI056097, P01 AI056097-03, P01 AI056097] Funding Source: Medline
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Vaccinia virus (W) infection is known to inhibit dendritic cells (DC) functions in vitro. Paradoxically, VV is also highly immunogenic and thus has been used as a vaccine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of an in vivo VV infection on DC function by focusing on early innate immunity. Our data indicated that DC are activated upon in vivo VV infection of mice. Splenic DC from W-infected mice expressed elevated levels of MHC class I and co-stimulatory molecules on their cell surface and exhibited the enhanced potential to produce cytokines upon LPS stimulation. DC from W-infected mice also expressed a high level of interferon-P. However, a VV infection resulted in the down-regulation of MHC class II expression and the impairment of antigen presentation to CD4 T cells by DC. Thus, during the early stage of a VV infection, although DC are impaired in some of the critical antigen presentation functions, they can promote innate immune defenses against viral infection. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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