Therapy of peri-implantitis with resective surgery. A 3-year clinical trial on rough screw-shaped oral implants. Part II: radiographic outcome

Objectives: This clinical study on therapy of peri-implantitis aimed to compare the marginal bone loss of implants treated with different surgical approaches: implantoplasty and peri-implant resective surgery only. Material and methods: Over a period of 6 years, 10 patients (20 implants) were treated with implantoplasty (test group) and 9 had resective surgery (control group). A computerized analysis of radiographs was performed to calculate marginal bone loss (MBL) values mesial and distal to the implants. The measurement system was set by means of known implant sizes. Data on MBL were collected at the time of peri-implantitis diagnosis, 1, 2 and 3 years after surgery. Results: There was no difference between the mean MBL values three years after implantoplasty in the test group: 0 and 0.01 mm of MBL mesial and distal to the implant were found (P > 0.05). Conversely, the mean MBL values recorded in the control group were statistically different: 1.44 and 1.54 mm of MBL mesial and distal to the implant were found (P < 0.05) 3 years after resective surgery. Moreover, the variation of peri-implant marginal bone after peri-implantitis surgical treatment was significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this radiographic research suggested that implantoplasty was an effective treatment of peri-implant infections and peri-implantitis progression.