Journal
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages 259-267Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1897/IEAM_2006-031.1
Keywords
Ecological risk assessment; In situ bioassay; Extrapolation
Categories
Funding
- Environment Canada
- European Copper Institute
- International Copper Association
- International Lead Zinc Research Organization
- Nickel Producers Environmental Research Association
- Rio Tinto PLV
- Rohm and Haas Company
- Teck Cominco America
- UK Environment Agency
- US Army Corps of Engineers
- US Environmental Protection Agency
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The aim of this review is to examine how the choice of test species and study design employed in the use of in situ approaches in ecological risk assessment can maximize the ecological relevance of data. We provide a framework to define and assess ecological relevance that permits study designs to remain focused on the ecological question being addressed. This framework makes explicit the linkages between effects at lower levels of biological organization and higher-order ecological effects at the population, community, and ecosystem levels. The usefulness of this framework is illustrated by reference to specific examples from aquatic ecotoxicology. The use of models as both interpretive and predictive tools is discussed, with suggestions of appropriate methods for different protection goals.
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