Journal
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 7, Pages 2452-2465Publisher
AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
DOI: 10.1128/MCB.01592-06
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Funding
- MRC [MC_U132670601] Funding Source: UKRI
- Medical Research Council [MC_U132670601] Funding Source: Medline
- NCI NIH HHS [CA 104429, R21 CA104429] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062281, GM 062281] Funding Source: Medline
- Medical Research Council [MC_U132670601] Funding Source: researchfish
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Cellular senescence is an irreversible proliferation arrest triggered by short chromosome telomeres, activated oncogenes, and cell stress and mediated by the pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. One of the earliest steps in the senescence program is translocation of a histone chaperone, HIRA, into promyelocytic leukemia (PML) nuclear bodies. This relocalization precedes other markers of senescence, including the appearance of specialized domains of facultative heterochromatin called senescence-associated heterochromatin foci (SAHF) and cell cycle exit. SAHF represses expression of proliferation-promoting genes, thereby driving exit from the cell cycle. HIRA bound to another histone chaperone, ASF1a, drives formation of SAHF. Here, we show that HIRA's translocation to PML bodies occurs in response to all senescence triggers tested. Dominant negative HIRA mutants that block HIRA's localization to PML bodies prevent formation of SAHF, as does a PML-RAR alpha fusion protein which disrupts PML bodies, directly supporting the idea that localization of HIRA to PML bodies is required for formation of SAHF. Significantly, translocation of HIRA to PML bodies occurs in the absence of functional pRB and p53 tumor suppressor pathways. However, our evidence indicates that downstream of HIRA's localization to PML bodies, the HIRA/ASF1 alpha pathway cooperates with pRB and p53 to make SAHF, with the HIRA/ ASF1a and pRB pathways acting in parallel. We present evidence that convergence of the HIRA/ASF1a and pRB pathways occurs through a DNAJ-domain protein, DNAJA2.
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