Journal
GENE
Volume 390, Issue 1-2, Pages 130-135Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2006.07.032
Keywords
endogenous retroviruses; DNA methylation; metastable epialleles; phenotypic variation; long terminal repeats; gene regulation
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It has been hypothesized that phenotypic variation in mammals could in part be due to incomplete and variable silencing of retrotransposons in somatic cells. This theory is based on the fact that some recent endogenous retroviral (ERV) insertions in the mouse exert variable effects on genes in isogenic animals, depending on the variable state of ERV methylation. In this article, we review the evidence for this and related phenomena and suggest that such stochastic epigenetic silencing is restricted to very recent insertions. We also present a model to explain the acquisition of a more stable epigenetic state for transposable element insertions through time. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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