Journal
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
Volume 110, Issue 3, Pages 490-497Publisher
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.10.013
Keywords
Rhus verniciflua stokes; macrophages; COX-2; NF-kappa B; JNK1/2
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The effects of phenolic-rich fraction (PRF) from Rhus verniciflua Stokes (Anacardiaceae) on the activities of cellular signaling molecules that mediate inflammatory responses in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages were investigated. At various concentrations of PRF significantly inhibited NO, PGE(2) and TNF-alpha production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The PRF also significantly inhibited iNOS and COX-2 protein expression in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage in a concentration-dependent manner. Transcription factor NF-kappa B plays a key role for the inducible expression of genes mediating proinflammatory effects and here, we show that PRF can inhibit the induction of NF-kappa B activity. The PRF effectively inhibited the iNOS and COX-2 protein expression through suppression of phospho-JNK1/2 activation. Study using PDA HPLC has found that the PRF contains several low molecular compounds (i.e. p-coumaric acid, fustin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, sulfuretin, butein, kaempferol). Our results indicate that the anti-inflammatory properties of PRF might result from the inhibition of pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., NO, PGE(2) and TNF-alpha) by suppression of such signaling pathways as NF-kappa B and JNK1/2. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
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