The effects of domestication on the relative vulnerability of hatchery and wild origin spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to predation

We tested whether one generation of state-of-the-art hatchery culture influenced the vulnerability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) fry to predators. Size-matched hatchery and wild origin spring Chinook salmon fry were exposed to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and torrent sculpin (Cottus rhotheus) predators in 10.8 m(3) net pens. The hatchery origin fry were the offspring of first generation hatchery-reared broodstock, and the wild origin fry had no history of hatchery culture; both originated from the same stock. Wild origin fry were found to have a 2.2% (p = 0.016) survival advantage over hatchery origin fry during 2 years of predation challenges. The most important findings of this study are (i) domestication can affect the susceptibility to predators after only one generation of state-of-the-art hatchery culture practices, and (ii) the domestication effect was very small.