Differential neuroimmune markers to the onset of Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration and dementia:: Autoantibodies to Aβ(25-35) oligomers, S100b and neurotransmitters

Alzheimer's disease (AD) autoimmunity is a focus for dementia prevention. Generated autoantibodies against major etiopathogenic molecular targets as neuroimmune markers of dementia were measured by ELISA in patient sera. Biphasic antibody levels to A beta((25-35)) oligomers, S100b and DA were detected during distinctly diagnosed dementia stages. A beta((25-35)) oligomer autoimmune responses reflected mild to moderate AD dementia, while those to S100b, DA and the S100b concentrations, matched moderate to severe dementia progression. 5-HT antibodies increased during mild dementia and plateaued thereafter. This autoimmunity pattern may be used as a differential biomarker profile in designing AD therapeutic strategies involving early vaccination. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.