Journal
JOURNAL OF STATISTICAL MECHANICS-THEORY AND EXPERIMENT
Volume -, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1742-5468/2007/05/P05010
Keywords
rigorous results in statistical mechanics; spin liquids (theory)
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We apply the technique of quasi-adiabatic continuation to study systems with continuous symmetries. We first derive a general form of Goldstone's theorem applicable to gapped nonrelativistic systems with continuous symmetries. We then show that, for a fermionic system with a spin gap, it is possible to insert pi flux into a cylinder with only exponentially small change in the energy of the system, a scenario which covers several physically interesting cases such as an s-wave superconductor or a resonating valence bond state.
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