Journal
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Volume 141, Issue 5, Pages 601-608Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvm090
Keywords
CTD phosphorylation; mediator; phosphorylated CTD-interacting factor 1; (PCIF1); RNA polymerase II; TFIIH
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RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the only polymerase to possess heptapeptide repeats in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of its large subunit. During transcription, CTD phopshorylation occurs and is maintained from initiation to termination. To date, among the three known CTD kinases possessing CDK-cyclin pairs, TFIIH is the only one that forms a preinitiation complex. The Mediator complex plays essential roles in transcription initiation and during the transition from initiation to elongation by transmitting signals from transcriptional activators to Pol II. P-TEFb specifically plays a role in transcription elongation. TFIIH and mediator phosphorylate serine 5 (Ser5) of the CTD heptapeptide repeat sequence, whereas P-TEFb phosphorylates serine 2 (Ser2). Recently, it has become clear that CTD phosphorylation is not only essential for transcription, but also as a platform for RNA processing and chromatin regulation. In this review, we discuss the central role of Pol II phosphorylation in these nuclear events.
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