Journal
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
Volume 12, Issue -, Pages 2957-2966Publisher
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.2741/2285
Keywords
plasminogen activator inhibitor 1; cardiovascular disease; atherothrombosis; type 2 diabetes; metabolic syndrome; review
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Impaired fibrinolysis may be associated with development of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease ( CVD) in metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes. Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, a potent inhibitor of fibrinolysis, is elevated in a number of clinical situations that are associated with high incidence of CVD. Impaired fibrinolysis resulting from high plasma PAI-1 can lead to excessive fibrin accumulation within vessels, resulting in atherothrombosis. Increased expression of PAI-1 is found in atherosclerotic lesions in humans, especially atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes. This increased vascular expression of PAI-1 promotes neointima formation via accumulation of fibrin or fibrinogen as a result of inhibited clearance of platelet-fibrin thrombi. PAI-1, an acute phase protein, also could be involved in vascular inflammation. PAI-1 may be associated not only systemically but also locally with development of CVD.
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