Journal
MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 1175-1191Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0392
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Funding
- NICHD NIH HHS [K02 HD040803, U54 HD012303-27, R01 HD037568-07, U54 HD012303-28, U54 HD012303-280011, K02 HD40803, R01 HD037568, R01 HD43758, P50 HD012303, U54 HD012303, R37 HD020377, R01 HD020377-25, U54 HD012303-270011, R01 HD047400, R01 HD020377-24, R01 HD020377, T32 HD007203] Funding Source: Medline
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The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal endocrine axis regulates reproduction through estrous phase-dependent release of the heterodimeric gonadotropic glycoprotein hormones, LH and FSH, from the gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary. Gonadotropin synthesis and release is dependent upon pulsatile stimulation by the hypothalamic neuropeptide GnRH. Alterations in pulse frequency and amplitude alter the relative levels of gonadotropin synthesis and release. The mechanism of interpretation of GnRH pulse frequency and amplitude by gonadotropes is not understood. We have examined gene expression in L beta T2 gonadotropes under various pulse regimes in a cell perifusion system by microarray and identified 1127 genes activated by tonic or pulsatile GnRH. Distinct patterns of expression are associated with each pulse frequency, but the greatest changes occur at a 60-min or less interpulse interval. The immediate early gene mRNAs encoding early growth response (Egr)1 and Egr2, which activate the gonadotropin LH beta-subunit gene promoter, are stably induced at high pulse frequency. In contrast, mRNAs for the Egr corepressor genes Ngfi-A-binding protein Nab1 and Nab2 are stably induced at low pulse frequency. We show that Ngfi-A binding protein members inhibit Egr-mediated frequency-dependent induction of the LH beta-subunit promoter. This pattern of expression suggests a model of pulse frequency detection that acts by suppressing activation by Egr family members at low frequency and allowing activation at sustained high-frequency pulses.
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