Abrogation of TGFβ signaling induces apoptosis through the modulation of MAP kinase pathways in breast cancer cells

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) can modulate the activity of various MAP kinases. However, how this pathway may mediate TGF beta-induced malignant phenotypes remains elusive. We investigated the role of autocrine TGF beta signaling through MAP kinases in the regulation of cell survival in breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells and untransformed human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). Our results show that abrogation of autocrine TGF beta signaling with the expression of a dominant negative type II TGF beta receptor (DNRII) or the treatment with a TGF beta type I receptor inhibitor significantly increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cell, but not in HMEC. The expression of DNRII markedly decreased activated/ phosphorylated Erk, whereas increased activated/phosphorylated p38 in MCF-7 cells. In contrast, there was no or little change of phosphorylated Erk and p38 in HMECs after the expression of DNRII. inhibition of Erk activity in MCF-7 control cell induced apoptosis whereas restoration of Erk activity in MCF-7 DNRII cell reduced apoptosis. Similarly, inhibition of p38 activity also inhibited apoptosis in MCF-7 DNRII cell. Thus, autocrine TGF beta signaling can enhance the survival of MCF-7 cells by maintaining the level of active Erk high and the level of active p38 low. Furthermore, the survival properties of TGF beta pathway appear related to transformation supporting the notion that it may be a potential target for cancer therapy. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.