Journal
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
Volume 114, Issue 2, Pages 198-207Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.01.007
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Funding
- NCI NIH HHS [CA113687] Funding Source: Medline
- NCRR NIH HHS [P20-RR-15636] Funding Source: Medline
- NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES-012072] Funding Source: Medline
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Although sunlight is known to cause melanoma, there has been considerable controversy as to the importance of short (UVB) and long (UVA) ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths in causing melanoma, leading to uncertainty in how best to prevent this cancer. This uncertainty has been compounded by the difficulties in assaying the UVA protection abilities of sunscreens, as compared to widely accepted measures of UVB screening by the sun protection factor (SPF). This review discusses the controversies surrounding UVA causation of melanoma in both human and animal models and the use of sunscreens to prevent melanoma. In addition, it details the development of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, initially used to determine the wavelength dependence (or action spectrum) of intramelanocyte radical generation to resolve these controversies in the Xiphophorus model. It is shown how this EPR technique allows a sunscreen protection factor to be determined, that is weighted to the melanocyte, and how this also allows study of the wavelength-dependent screening ability of sunscreens. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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