Journal
ANNALS OF BOTANY
Volume 99, Issue 5, Pages 947-954Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcm046
Keywords
grassland; plant functional traits; acid soils; Al resistance; grasses; Arrhenatherum elatius; Festuca rubra; Helictotrichon sulcatum; Molinia caerulea; Sieglingia decumbens
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Background and Aims Original data on Al resistance, relative growth rate and leaf traits of five European grasses as well as literature data on Al resistance, habitat preference and traits of grasses were considered to determine whether (a) Al resistance is correlated to a growth conservative strategy and (b) species occurrence could be useful to assess Al toxicity in meadows on acid soils. Methods The Al resistance of 15 species was represented by the Al activity in nutrient solution that resulted in a 50 % decrease in root length, {Al3+}(50), or, for published values, in root or plant biomass. The correlations between Al resistance and acidity or nitrogen indices and the correlation between Al resistance and selected traits (relative growth rate, leaf dry matter content, specific leaf area and leaf thickness) were calculated. Principal component analysis was used for the characterization of the relationships between Al resistance and measured traits. Key Results The {Al3+}(50) values of the resistant species Molinia caerulea and Sieglingia decumbens were 13 and 26 mu m {Al3+}(50), respectively. The known Al resistance of 15 species that were mainly of the intermediate strategy competitor-stress tolerator-ruderal (C-S-R) type and of the S type was correlated with Ellenberg's nitrogen and acidity indices. For the whole set of species, the correlation between Al resistance and traits was not significant. Conclusion The Al resistance of the C-S-R species was variable and independent of their traits. S-type species, adapted to acid soils and with traits of conservative strategy, displayed Al resistance. The large difference in Al resistance between grasses may help assess Al soil toxicity by using the abundance of grasses.
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