Journal
SEMINARS IN REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE
Volume 25, Issue 3, Pages 165-177Publisher
THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC
DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973429
Keywords
G protein-coupled receptor; G alpha q; K+ channels; pCREB
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Funding
- NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 68098] Funding Source: Medline
- NINDS NIH HHS [NS 38809, F31 NS 49792, NS 43330] Funding Source: Medline
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It is well known that many of the actions of estrogen in the central nervous system are mediated via intracellular receptor/transcription factors that interact with steroid response elements on target genes. However, there now exists compelling evidence for membrane steroid receptors for estrogen in hypothalamic and other brain neurons. It is not well understood how estrogen signals via membrane receptors, and how these signals influence not only membrane excitability but also gene transcription in neurons. Indeed, it has been known for some time that estrogen can rapidly alter neuronal activity within seconds, indicating that some cellular effects can occur via membrane-delimited events. In addition, estrogen can affect second messenger systems including calcium mobilization and a plethora of kinases to alter cell signaling. Therefore, this review considers our current knowledge of rapid membrane-initiated and intracellular signaling by estrogen in the brain, and the nature of receptors involved and how they contribute to homeostatic functions.
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