Journal
EXTREMOPHILES
Volume 11, Issue 3, Pages 435-443Publisher
SPRINGER TOKYO
DOI: 10.1007/s00792-006-0051-0
Keywords
cladosporium cladosporioides; heavy metal resistance; intracellular sequestration; manganese; phosphorus
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A heavy metal resistant fungus was isolated from the sediment of Pacific Ocean, and identified to be Cladosporium cladosporioides. It grew normally in a medium containing 60 mM Mn2+ and could endure 1,200 mM as the highest concentration tested. Quantification analysis confirmed a high accumulation of Mn which was 58 mg/g in dried biomass. Under transmission electron microscope, many intracellular crystals were observed in the cytoplasm of the hypha cells grown in a Mn-rich medium, and varied from a few nanometers to 200 nm in length. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis showed that the crystals were composed of manganese and phosphorus in atomic ratio of 1.6:1 (Mn/P). Further, factors which might influence the resistance of this fungus were investigated. As a result, its high resistance to Mn2+ was found dependent on the presence of Mg2+, and could be further enhanced by phosphate. However, the effect of phosphate was not observed without the presence of Mg2+. In addition, the resistance was also influenced by pH of the medium, which was lost above pH 8. This is the first report on a fungus which showed a hyper resistance to manganese by forming a large quantity of intracellular Mn/P crystals.
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