Early indicators of dysmetabolic syndrome in young survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in childhood as a target for preventing disease

Purpose: To investigate the presence of early indicators of the dysmetabolic syndrome (DS) in young survivors with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood. Patients and Methods: We enrolled 80 patients with ALL (50 males, median age 13.9 y, median interval since completion of chemotherapy 6.3 y). Sixty-two patients (group A) received chemotherapy only, whereas 18 patients (group 13) received chemotherapy and cranial irradiation (18 Gy). Results: Frank obesity [25%; confidence interval (CI) 95%, 16.7%-35.6%], increased blood pressure (21%; Cl 95%, 13.6%-31.5%), increased serum triglycerides (21%; Cl 95%, 13.6%-31.5%), reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (12%; Cl 95%, 6.7%-21.7%), increased fasting insulin (8%; Cl 95%, 3.2%-15.7%), and osteopenia (71%; Cl 95%, 60.5%-80.1%) were detected in groups A and B. Reduced IGF-1 (15%; CI 95%, 8.6%-24.6%) and thyroid hormone abnormalities (11%; Cl 95%, 5.8%-20.2%) were detected only in group B. In group B, there was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of obesity (P = 0.024), hyperinsulinemia (P = 0.004), and the full DS (22%; Cl 95%, 8.6%-45.9% vs. 8%; Cl 95%, 3.1%-18.0%; P = 0.017) compared with group A. Conclusions: Young survivors of childhood ALL, especially those treated with cranial irradiation, are at risk for obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, hypertension, and the full DS early after the completion of therapy.