Journal
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
Volume 112, Issue A5, Pages -Publisher
AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
DOI: 10.1029/2006JA012130
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Funding
- STFC [PP/E002048/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Science and Technology Facilities Council [PP/E002048/1] Funding Source: researchfish
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We use combinations of geomagnetic indices, based on both variation range and hourly means, to derive the solar wind flow speed, the interplanetary magnetic field strength at 1 AU and the total open solar flux between 1895 and the present. We analyze the effects of the regression procedure and geomagnetic indices used by adopting four analysis methods. These give a mean interplanetary magnetic field strength increase of 45.1 +/- 4.5% between 1903 and 1956, associated with a 14.4 +/- 0.7% rise in the solar wind speed. We use averaging timescales of 1 and 2 days to allow for the difference between the magnetic fluxes threading the coronal source surface and the heliocentric sphere at 1 AU. The largest uncertainties originate from the choice of regression procedure: the average of all eight estimates of the rise in open solar flux is 73.0 +/- 5.0%, but the best procedure, giving the narrowest and most symmetric distribution of fit residuals, yields 87.3 +/- 3.9%.
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