Specific swelling behaviors of alkali-metal poly(styrene sulfonate) gels in aqueous solvent mixtures

Counterion- and solvent-specific swelling behaviors were investigated for alkali-metal poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSSM) gels having different degrees of sulfonation in aqueous organic solvent mixtures [water plus methanol, ethanol, 2-propyl alcohol, t-butyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetone, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, or dioxane]. With an increasing organic solvent concentration, most gel systems, except for DMSO, showed a volume phase transition. The transition abruptly occurred without significant deswelling in the lower solvent concentration region. Such swelling behavior contrasted with that of other common charged gel systems, including alkali-metal polyacrylate (PAAM) gels, which showed gel collapse after gradual deswelling with an increasing organic solvent concentration. The dielectric constant at the critical transition point (D,,) for most mixed solvent systems decreased in the order of PSSK >= PSSCs >= PSSNa > PSSLi; that is, larger counterion systems were favorable for the transition. The counterion specificity also contrasted with our previous results for PAAM gels: PAANa > PAAK > PAALi similar to PAACs. On the other hand, the solvent specificity for the PSSM gels was similar to that for the PAAM gels; the higher the dielectric constant was of the organic solvent, the higher the D-cr value was at which the transition occurred. These specificities were examined on the basis of the solvation properties of the counterions and polymer charged groups and the solvent properties such as the Gutmann-Mayer donor number and acceptor number. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.