Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
Volume 85, Issue 6, Pages 1465-1477Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1465
Keywords
energy density; fruit and vegetables; water-rich foods; fat intake; obesity; weight management
Categories
Funding
- NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR010732-110303, M01 RR010732-100303, M01 RR010732, M01RR10732] Funding Source: Medline
- NIDDK NIH HHS [R37 DK039177-16, R37 DK039177-19, R37 DK039177-18, R37DK039177, R37 DK039177-15, R37 DK039177, R37 DK039177-17] Funding Source: Medline
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Background: Consuming foods low in energy density (kcal/g) decreases energy intake over several days, but the effectiveness of this strategy for weight loss has not been tested. Objective: The effects on weight loss of 2 strategies for reducing the energy density of the diet were compared over 1 y. Design: Obese women (n = 97) were randomly assigned to groups counseled either to reduce their fat intake (RF group) or to reduce their fat intake and increase their intake of water-rich foods, particularly fruit and vegetables (RF+FV group). No goals for energy or fat intake were assigned; the subjects were instructed to eat ad libitum amounts of food while following the principles of their diet. Results: After 1 y, study completers (n = 71) in both groups had significant decreases in body weight (P < 0.0001). Subjects in the RF+FV group, however, had a significantly different pattern of weight loss (P = 0.002) than did subjects in the RF group. After I y, the RF+FV group lost 7.9 +/- 0.9 kg and the RF group lost 6.4 0.9 kg. Analysis of all randomly assigned subjects also showed a different pattern of weight loss between groups (P = 0.021). Diet records indicated that both groups had similar reductions in fat intake. The RF + FV group, however, had a lower dietary energy density than did the RF group (P = 0.019) as the result of consuming a greater weight of food (P = 0.025), especially fruit and vegetables (P = 0.037). The RF+FV group also reported less hunger (P 0.003). Conclusion: Reducing dietary energy density, particularly by combining increased fruit and vegetable intakes with decreased fat intake, is an effective strategy for managing body weight while controlling hunger.
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