The energy-driven hot-carrier degradation modes of nMOSFETs

In this paper, we confirm that the energy is the driving force of hot-carrier effects. In high-energy long-channel case, the energy-driven paradigm allows to retrieve lucky electron model-like equations although the explanations are different. When the energy is lowered, high-energy electrons generated by electron-electron scattering become the dominant contribution to the degradation. Finally, for even lower energy, multiple vibrational excitation mechanism starts taking the lead.