Qualitative comparison of anatomical microdissection, Sihler's staining and computerized reconstruction methods for visualizing intramuscular nerve branches

Stating backround This study was designed to examine the entire intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of various human skeletal muscles in fetuses. Methods In the present study rhomboid major, trapezius, long head of the biceps femoris and masseter muscles were investigated in five 18 weeks old fetal cadavers. Anatomical microdissection was applied to one fetal cadaver. In two fetuses, the extramuscular (main), major and minor nerve branches, and anastomosis were examined using Sihler's staining and labeling. In the remaining two fetuses, consecutive slices with 0.5 mm interval and 5 mu m thickness were obtained from each skeletal muscle. These slices were stained with S100 for the demonstration of the nerve fibers and thereafter 3D reconstruction images were constituted using PC software. Results Anatomical microdissection, Sihler's staining and computerized reconstruction methods were compared to demonstrate the intramuscular nerve distribution pattern. Demonstration of the intramuscular minor nerve branches and anastomosis showed difficulties in anatomical dissected specimens when compared with three-dimensionally reconstructed images and specimens obtained with Sihler's staining technique. Nevertheless, anatomical dissection is a simple method whereas Sihler's technique and computer aided 3D reconstruction are complex methods and take a long time to complete. Conclusion The obtained information exposed that staining technique and the 3D reconstructions appeared to provide better results than did anatomical dissection.