Journal
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
Volume 27, Issue 6, Pages 1142-1151Publisher
NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600418
Keywords
aspirin; ischemia; neuronal death; NMDA; oxidative stress
Categories
Funding
- National Research Foundation of Korea [M1010800004703B2300019, 2004-01386, saup17FPR02A2-30-100] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
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Excitotoxicity and oxidative stress mediate neuronal death after hypoxic - ischemic brain injury. We examined the possibility that targeting both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and oxidative stress would result in enhanced neuroprotection against hypoxic ischemia. 2-Hydroxy-5-(2,3,5,6- tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl-benzylamino)-benzoic acid ( Neu2000) was derived from aspirin and sulfasalazine to prevent both NMDA neurotoxicity and oxidative stress. In cortical cell cultures, Neu2000 was shown to be an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist and completely blocked free radical toxicity at doses as low as 0.3 mu mol/ L. Neu2000 showed marked neuroprotection in a masked fashion using histology and behavioral testing in two rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia without causing neurotoxic side effects. Neu2000 protected against the effects of middle cerebral artery occlusion, even when delivered 8 h after reperfusion. Single bolus administration of the drug prevented gray and white matter degeneration and spared neurologic function for over 28 days after MACO. Neu2000 may be a novel therapy for combating both NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity and oxidative stress, the two major routes of neuronal death in ischemia, offering profound neuroprotection and an extended therapeutic window.
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