Downregulation of the NbNACa1 gene encoding a movement-protein-interacting protein reduces cell-to-cell movement of brome mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana

The 3a movement protein (NIP) plays a central role in the movement of the RNA plant virus, Brome mosaic virus (BMV). To identify host factor genes involved in viral movement, a cDNA library of Nicotiana benthamiana, a systemic host for BMV, was screened with far-Western blotting using a recombinant BMV NIP as probe. One positive clone encoded a protein with sequence similarity to the (alpha chain of nascent-polypeptide-associated complex from various organisms, which is proposed to contribute to the fidelity of translocation of newly synthesized proteins. The orthologous gene from N. benthamiana was designated NbNACa1. The binding of NbNACa1 to BMV NIP was confirmed in vivo with an agroinflitration-immunoprecipitation assay. To investigate the involvement of NbNACa1 in BMV multiplication, NbNACa1 -silenced (GSNAC) transgenic N. benthamiana plants were produced. Downregulation of NbNACa1 expression reduced virus accumulation in inoculated leaves but not in protoplasts. A microprojectile bombardment assay to monitor BMV-MP-assisted viral movement demonstrated reduced virus spread in GSNAC plants. The localization to the cell wall of BMV NIP fused to green fluorescent protein was delayed in GSNAC plants. From these results, we propose that NbNACa1 is involved in BMV cell-to-cell movement through the regulation of BMV NIP localization to the plasmodesmata.