Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 16, Issue 9, Pages 22094-22136Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922094
Keywords
photodynamic therapy; photosensitizers; cancer cells; nanoparticles; biodegradable; organic nanocarrier; inorganic nanocarrier
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China (Taiwan) [MOST 103-2221-E-011-035, 104-2218-E-492-003]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non-invasive combinatorial therapeutic modality using light, photosensitizer (PS), and oxygen used for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. When PSs in cells are exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they are transformed from the singlet ground state (S-0) to an excited singlet state (S-1-S-n), followed by intersystem crossing to an excited triplet state (T-1). The energy transferred from T-1 to biological substrates and molecular oxygen, via type I and II reactions, generates reactive oxygen species, (O-1(2), H2O2, O-2*, HO*), which causes cellular damage that leads to tumor cell death through necrosis or apoptosis. The solubility, selectivity, and targeting of photosensitizers are important factors that must be considered in PDT. Nano-formulating PSs with organic and inorganic nanoparticles poses as potential strategy to satisfy the requirements of an ideal PDT system. In this review, we summarize several organic and inorganic PS carriers that have been studied to enhance the efficacy of photodynamic therapy against cancer.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available