Journal
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 180-187Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2007.02.006
Keywords
anergy; NFAT; T cell; calcium; transcription; Egr; Ikaros
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Funding
- NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI059738, R56 AI059738, AI059738, R01 AI059738-03] Funding Source: Medline
- NIGMS NIH HHS [GM007288, T32 GM007491-27, T32 GM007491, T32 GM007288] Funding Source: Medline
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Self-reactive T cells that escape negative selection in the thymus must be kept under control in the periphery. Mechanisms of peripheral tolerance include deletion or functional inactivation of self-reactive T cells and mechanisms of dominant tolerance mediated by regulatory T cells. In the absence of costimulation, T cell receptor (TCR) engagement results in unopposed calcium signaling that leads to the activation of a cell-intrinsic program of inactivation, which makes T cells hyporesponsive to subsequent stimulations. The activation of this program in anergic T cells is a consequence of the induction of a nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-dependent program of gene expression. Recent studies have offered new insights into the mechanisms responsible for the implementation and maintenance of T cell anergy and have provided evidence that the proteins encoded by the genes upregulated in anergic T cells are responsible for the implementation of anergy by interfering with TCR signaling or directly inhibiting cytokine gene transcription. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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