Pluronic® F127 enhances the effect as an adjuvant of chitosan microspheres in the intranasal delivery of Bordetella bronchiseptica antigens containing dermonecrotoxin

We have studied a vaccine delivery system in vitro and in vivo based on chitosan microspheres (CMs) prepared in the presence of selected immunomodulators, Pluronic (R) block copolymer F127 (F127). The Bordetella bronchiseptica multiple antigens containing dermonecrotoxin (BBD), a virulent factor leading to atrophic rhinitis (AR) in swine was loaded in CMs/F127 or CMs alone. The microspheres, prepared using an ionic gelation process with tripolyphosphate, demonstrated release profiles that showed a greater amount of BBD being released from BBD-loaded CMs/F127 (BBD-CMs/F127). In vitro experiments using mouse alveolar macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) demonstrated that BBD-CMs/F127 have significantly higher immune-stimulating activities than controls. The highest immune-stimulating activities by the BBD-CMs/F127 using RAW 264.7 cells were mirrored in the in vivo studies following nasal administration to mice. The mice immunized with BBD-CMs/F127 showed higher BBD specific IgA antibody responses in nasal wash, saliva and serum than mice immunized with BBD-CMs alone. Protective immunity was measured by survival rate after challenge with B. bronchiseptica via the nasal cavity. The survival rate of the group treated with BBD-CMs/F127 was higher than those of other groups. These results suggested that CMs/F127 represents a novel mucosal delivery system and that 17127 could enhance the delivery of BBD-CMs in the vaccination scheme. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.