Amyloid Growth, Inhibition, and Real-Time Enzymatic Degradation Revealed with Single Conical Nanopore

Amyloid fibrils are involved in several neuro-degenerative diseases. However, because of their polymorphism and low concentration, they are challenging to assess in real-time with conventional techniques. Here, we present a new approach for the characterization of the intermediates: protofibrils and end-off aggregates which are produced during the amyloid formation. To do so, we have fashioned conical track-etched nanopores that are functionalized to prevent the fouling. Using these nanopores, we have followed the kinetic of amyloid growth to discriminate the different intermediates protofibrils and end-off. Then, the nanopore was used to characterize the effect of promoter and inhibitor of the fibrillation process. Finally, we have followed in real-time the degradation of amyloid with peptase. Compare with the SiN nanopore, the track-etched one features exceptionally high success rate via functionalization and detection in one-pot. Our results demonstrate the potential for a conical nanopore to be used as a routine technique for the characterization of the amyloid growth and/or degradation.