Journal
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 357, Issue 3, Pages 749-754Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.04.023
Keywords
JNK activation; JNK inhibitor; JNK2 knockout; JNK activator; diabetic embryopathy
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The mechanisms for diabetic embryopathy are not well understood. JNK1/2 activation is increased in diabetic embryopathy, and antioxidants abolish JNK activation, and thus, ameliorate diabetic embryopathy. Phosphorylated SEK1 were significantly elevated in malformed embryos from diabetic mouse. In a dose-dependent manner, JNK inhibitor (SP600125) significantly reduced hyperglycemia-induced embryopathy. Malformation rates in embryos from the diabetic WT group were 15.6-fold higher than that in the non-diabetic WT control group. Jnk2 null mutant (JNKKO mice) was associated with a 71% reduction in the malformation rate of embryos under maternal diabetic conditions. Embryos cultured in 0.5 mM sorbitol (INK activator) had a malformation rate that was significantly higher than that of the control group. Pharmacological and genetic evidence from the present studies strongly support JNK activation being an indispensable mediator of diabetic embryopathy. JNK activation itself is sufficient to induce embryonic anomalies, and thus mimics the teratogenic effect of hyperglycemia. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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